What type of hormone is somatostatin




















Somatostatin may also act as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that regulates secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland located below it. In addition, somatostatin is produced in the pancreas and inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Somatostatin is also produced in the gastrointestinal tract where it acts locally to reduce gastric secretion, gastrointestinal motility and to inhibit the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, including gastrin and secretin.

Chemically altered equivalents of somatostatin are used as a medical therapy to control too much hormone secretion in patients with acromegaly and other endocrine conditions, and to treat some gastrointestinal diseases and a variety of tumours. In the same way that somatostatin controls the production of several hormones, these hormones feed back to control the production of somatostatin. This is increased by raised levels of these other hormones and reduced by low levels.

Somatostatin is also secreted by the pancreas in response to many factors related to food intake, such as high blood levels of glucose and amino acids. Too much somatostatin results in extreme reduction in secretion of many endocrine hormones. An example of this is suppression of insulin secretion from the pancreas leading to raised blood glucose levels diabetes.

Each of the receptors activates distinct signalling mechanisms within cells, although all inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Four of the five receptors do not differentiate SS from SS Somatostatin acts by both endocrine and paracrine pathways to affect its target cells.

A majority of the circulating somatostatin appears to come from the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. If one had to summarize the effects of somatostatin in one phrase, it would be: " somatostatin inhibits the secretion of many other hormones ". Somatostatin was named for its effect of inhibiting secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Experimentally, all known stimuli for growth hormone secretion are suppressed by somatostatin administration. Additionally, animals treated with antisera to somatostatin show elevated blood concentrations of growth hormone, as do animals that are genetically engineered to disrupt their somatostatin gene.

Ultimately, growth hormone secretion is controlled by the interaction of somatostatin and growth hormone releasing hormone, both of which are secreted by hypothalamic neurons. Cells within pancreatic islets secrete insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.

Somatostatin appears to act primarily in a paracrine manner to inhibit the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. It also has the effect in suppressing pancreatic exocrine secretions , by inhibiting cholecystokinin -stimulated enzyme secretion and secretin -stimulated bicarbonate secretion.

Somatostatin inhibits a variety of physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastrointestinal motility, gastric acid production, pancreatic enzyme secretion, bile secretion and colonic fluid secretion. It also inhibits the secretion of pancreatic and intestinal hormones such as insulin, glucagon, secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide VIP. If you've used this product in a publication, let us know. Email pshuster neuromics.

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